Architecture

Fractal is an open, permissionless multi-chain system in which each level is charged with zk technology. The UTXO chain is natively enabled with confidential transactions, as is the EVM layer. L2 layers will have advanced zk functions for scaling and secured transactions, powering the next generation of DeFi and on-chain identity management. Fractal is secured by a decentralized network of global validators using the Tendermint consensus engine.

Developers can use Fractal to create dApps, assets, and smart contracts at all levels of Web3 with zero-knowledge tools. Zero-knowledge is critical for building next-generation functionality for the industry.

Why Fractal?​

Bitcoin and Ethereum are restrained by their fully transparent ledgers. Because they publicly broadcast transaction data, they open up multiple attack vectors and give hackers, phishing scammers, and other malicious actors more ways to trick users and steal IP. In other words, it isn't only network congestion that holds them back from mass adoption; it is also that transactions and personal information are inherently unsecured.

Fractal uses zero-knowledge cryptography to secure transactions. Whether made on a rollup or a UTXO chain, Fractal can encrypt sensitive on-chain data, making Web3 more suitable for daily and business applications.

IP data, payroll data, market trading strategies - all these types of transactions and more need a secured environment in which to operate. Fractal provides that environment through zero-knowledge cryptography.

Key Components

Fractral consists of the following key modules:

• UTXO Chain

• EVM Chain - Fractal Confluence

• The Confluence Bridge

• Cryptography Library (zkSNARK, Bulletproofs, etc.)

• Staking (Tendermint-based Consensus and PoS)

See the Modules section of our documentation for the details of each module.

Fractal's Multichain Ecosystem​

A key concept of Fractal's ecosystem is that it is composed of multiple different chains. It features a zero-knowledge-powered UTXO chain and an EVM chain known as Fractal Confluence and L2 environments, which scale secured transactions.

The UTXO chain and Fractal Confluence are connected by the Confluence Bridge. This bridge allows FRA and FRC20 tokens to be bridged between the EVM and UTXO environments.

It is CRITICAL that you check which network you are using before completing a transaction. For instance, if you purchase FRA from an exchange, you likely need to send to an 0x... address on Fractal Confluence. Sending directly to the UTXO i.e. to a fra... address could result in the loss of your tokens. Make sure to use the Fractal Confluence Bridge only when transferring tokens from Fractal Confluence to the UTXO chain or vice versa

Key Platform Primitives and Developer Tools​

• Key Primitives:

  • Send confidential transfers (hide amount sent, hide asset type sent, etc.)

  • Create tokens

    • UTXO tokens

    • EVM-compatible tokens

  • Deploy EVM-compatible smart contracts

  • Call JSON-RPC methods (all industry-wide EVM methods)

  • Build Zk-Proof Circuits

    • zkSNARK circuits

    • Bulletproofs circuits

• Key Developer Tools:

  • UTXO Tools

    • CLI/SDKs to send confidential transfers, create custom tokens, create wallets, delegate tokens for PoS rewards

  • EVM Tools

    • All EVM tools are compatible with Findora (Metamask, Remix, Hardhat, etc.)

Fractal's Initial Ecosystem​

Finally, to support Fractal's ecosystem user growth and total value locked (TVL), key dApps launched on mainnet include:

• Rialto Bridge - cross-chain bridge enabling users to move assets from EVM-compatible blockchains to Findora blockchain.

• Sonic Swap - a third party DEX bringing DeFi to Findora.

• Lumias - an ambitious project pioneering zk in Web3 gaming.